EFFECT OF EGG REPLACERS ON STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF STARCHES AND GLUTENS IN EGGLESS CAKES

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENC

A Quadrillion Standard Models from F-theory

We present an explicit construction of ${\cal O}(10^{15})$ globally consistent string compactifications that realize the exact chiral spectrum of the Standard Model of particle physics with gauge coupling unification in the context of F-theory. Utilizing the power of algebraic geometry, all global consistency conditions can be reduced to a single criterion on the base of the underlying elliptically fibered Calabi--Yau fourfolds. For toric bases, this criterion only depends on an associated polytope and is satisfied for at least ${\cal O}(10^{15})$ bases, each of which defines a distinct compactification.Comment: 7 pages, double column; v3: improved and expanded discussion, technical details deferred to an added appendi

An F-theory Realization of the Chiral MSSM with Z2\mathbb{Z}_2-Parity

Using F-theory we construct 4D ${\cal N}=1$ SUGRA theories with the Standard Model gauge group, three chiral generations, and matter parity in order to forbid all dimension four baryon and lepton number violating operators. The underlying geometries are derived by constructing smooth genus-one fibered Calabi--Yau fourfolds using toric tops that have a Jacobian fibration with rank one Mordell--Weil group and $SU(3) \times SU(2)$ singularities. The necessary gauge backgrounds on the smooth fourfolds are shown to be fully compatible with the quantization condition, including positive integer D3-tadpoles. This construction realizes for the first time a consistent UV completion of an MSSM-like model with matter parity in F-theory. Moreover our construction is general enough to also exhibit other relevant $\mathbb{Z}_2$ charge extensions of the MSSM such as lepton and baryon parity. Such models however are rendered inconsistent by non-integer fluxes, which are necessary for producing the exact MSSM chiral spectrum. These inconsistencies turn out to be intimately related to field theory considerations regarding a UV-embedding of the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ into a $U(1)$ and the resulting discrete anomalies.Comment: 1+19 pages + appendix, 2 Figures; v2: typos corrected, references added, further comments and clarifications provide

Yukawa Hierarchies in Global F-theory Models

We argue that global F-theory compactifications to four dimensions generally exhibit higher rank Yukawa matrices from multiple geometric contributions known as Yukawa points. The holomorphic couplings furthermore have large hierarchies for generic complex structure moduli. Unlike local considerations, the compact setup realizes these features all through geometry, and requires no instanton corrections. As an example, we consider a concrete toy model with $SU(5) \times U(1)$ gauge symmetry. From the geometry, we find two Yukawa points for the ${\bf 10}_{-2} \, \bar{\bf 5}_6 \, \bar{\bf 5}_{-4}$ coupling, producing a rank two Yukawa matrix. Our methods allow us to track all complex structure dependencies of the holomorphic couplings and study the ratio numerically. This reveals hierarchies of ${\cal O}(10^5)$ and larger on a full-dimensional subspace of the moduli space.Comment: 25 pages + appendix and references; v2: matched published version (typos corrected

Efficient Spatially Sparse Inference for Conditional GANs and Diffusion Models

During image editing, existing deep generative models tend to re-synthesize the entire output from scratch, including the unedited regions. This leads to a significant waste of computation, especially for minor editing operations. In this work, we present Spatially Sparse Inference (SSI), a general-purpose technique that selectively performs computation for edited regions and accelerates various generative models, including both conditional GANs and diffusion models. Our key observation is that users prone to gradually edit the input image. This motivates us to cache and reuse the feature maps of the original image. Given an edited image, we sparsely apply the convolutional filters to the edited regions while reusing the cached features for the unedited areas. Based on our algorithm, we further propose Sparse Incremental Generative Engine (SIGE) to convert the computation reduction to latency reduction on off-the-shelf hardware. With about $1\%$-area edits, SIGE accelerates DDPM by $3.0\times$ on NVIDIA RTX 3090 and $4.6\times$ on Apple M1 Pro GPU, Stable Diffusion by $7.2\times$ on 3090, and GauGAN by $5.6\times$ on 3090 and $5.2\times$ on M1 Pro GPU. Compared to our conference version, we extend SIGE to accommodate attention layers and apply it to Stable Diffusion. Additionally, we offer support for Apple M1 Pro GPU and include more results with large and sequential edits.Comment: NeurIPS 2022 T-PAMI 2023 Website: https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~sige/ Code: https://github.com/lmxyy/sig

Competition and cooperation of sulfate reducing bacteria and five other bacteria during oil production

Embargo until March 18, 2023Effective control of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) will help reduce economic losses and prevent threats to human health during the oil production. In this study, the responses of SRB to environmental variables and some functional microorganisms (including denitrifying bacteria (DNB), methanogenic bacteria (MGB), saprophytic bacteria (SPB), zymophyte bacteria (ZPB), and iron bacteria (IB)), during oil production processes were investigated to improve our understanding of how to control SRB abundance. Correlation analyses demonstrated that nitrate and redox potential exihibited significant inhibitory effects on the growth and reproduction of SRB and redox potential (0.175, P < 0.01) had a stronger effect than NO3− (0.0817, P < 0.05). PCA analysis demonstrated a clear division of the bacteria into two clusters, cluster 1 consisted of SRB, SPB and IB, while cluster 2 consisted of DNB, MGB and ZPB. Cooperation was apparent for SRB with SPB and IB, while competition was apparent for SRB with DNB, MGB and ZPB. These results provide new insights to possible solutions to control SRB growth in the oilfield environment, including addition of nitrate and nitrite, to promote the growth of denitrifying bacteria, thereby suppressing the growth of SRB.acceptedVersio

Monitoring of the central blood pressure waveform via a conformal ultrasonic device.

Continuous monitoring of the central-blood-pressure waveform from deeply embedded vessels, such as the carotid artery and jugular vein, has clinical value for the prediction of all-cause cardiovascular mortality. However, existing non-invasive approaches, including photoplethysmography and tonometry, only enable access to the superficial peripheral vasculature. Although current ultrasonic technologies allow non-invasive deep-tissue observation, unstable coupling with the tissue surface resulting from the bulkiness and rigidity of conventional ultrasound probes introduces usability constraints. Here, we describe the design and operation of an ultrasonic device that is conformal to the skin and capable of capturing blood-pressure waveforms at deeply embedded arterial and venous sites. The wearable device is ultrathin (240 μm) and stretchable (with strains up to 60%), and enables the non-invasive, continuous and accurate monitoring of cardiovascular events from multiple body locations, which should facilitate its use in a variety of clinical environments

Pion and kaon structure at the electron-ion collider

Understanding the origin and dynamics of hadron structure and in turn that of atomic nuclei is a central goal of nuclear physics. This challenge entails the questions of how does the roughly 1GeV mass-scale that characterizes atomic nuclei appear; why does it have the observed value; and, enigmatically, why are the composite Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) abnormally light in comparison? In this perspective, we provide an analysis of the mass budget of the pion and proton in QCD; discuss the special role of the kaon, which lies near the boundary between dominance of strong and Higgs mass-generation mechanisms; and explain the need for a coherent effort in QCD phenomenology and continuum calculations, in exa-scale computing as provided by lattice QCD, and in experiments to make progress in understanding the origins of hadron masses and the distribution of that mass within them. We compare the unique capabilities foreseen at the electron-ion collider (EIC) with those at the hadron-electron ring accelerator (HERA), the only previous electron-proton collider; and describe five key experimental measurements, enabled by the EIC and aimed at delivering fundamental insights that will generate concrete answers to the questions of how mass and structure arise in the pion and kaon, the Standard Model's NG modes, whose surprisingly low mass is critical to the evolution of our Universe